Amos 1:7

1:7 So I will set Gaza’s city wall ¹  on fire;

fire ²  will consume her fortresses.

Amos 1:10

1:10 So I will set fire to Tyre’s city wall; ³ 

fire ⁴  will consume her fortresses.”

Amos 1:12

1:12 So I will set Teman ⁵  on fire;

fire ⁶  will consume Bozrah’s ⁷  fortresses.”

Amos 1:14

1:14 So I will set fire to Rabbah’s ⁸  city wall; ⁹ 

fire ¹⁰  will consume her fortresses.

War cries will be heard on the day of battle; ¹¹ 

a strong gale will blow on the day of the windstorm. ¹² 

Amos 2:2

2:2 So I will set Moab on fire, ¹³ 

and it will consume Kerioth’s ¹⁴  fortresses.

Moab will perish ¹⁵  in the heat of battle ¹⁶ 

amid war cries and the blaring ¹⁷  of the ram’s horn. ¹⁸ 

Amos 2:5

2:5 So I will set Judah on fire,

and it will consume Jerusalem’s fortresses.” ¹⁹ 

[1:7]  ¹ sn The city wall symbolizes the city’s defenses and security.

[1:7]  ² tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fire mentioned in the previous line) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:10]  ³ sn The city wall symbolizes the city’s defenses and security.

[1:10]  ⁴ tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fire mentioned in the previous line) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:12]  ⁵ sn Teman was an important region (or perhaps city) in Edom.

[1:12]  ⁶ tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fire mentioned in the previous line) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:12]  ⁷ sn Bozrah was a city located in northern Edom.

[1:14]  ⁸ sn Rabbah was the Ammonite capital.

[1:14]  ⁹ sn The city wall symbolizes the city’s defenses and security.

[1:14]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “it”; the referent (the fire mentioned in the previous line) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:14]  ¹¹ tn Heb “with a war cry in the day of battle.”

[1:14]  ¹² tn Heb “with wind in the day of the windstorm.”

[1:14]  sn A windstorm is a metaphor for judgment and destruction in the OT (see Isa 29:6; Jer 23:19) and ancient Near Eastern literature.

[2:2]  ¹³ sn The destruction of Moab by fire is an example of a judgment in kind – as the Moabites committed the crime of “burning,” so the Lord will punish them by setting them on fire.

[2:2]  ¹⁴ sn Kerioth was an important Moabite city. See Jer 48:24, 41.

[2:2]  ¹⁵ tn Or “die” (KJV, NASB, NRSV, TEV); NAB “shall meet death.”

[2:2]  ¹⁶ tn Or “in the tumult.” This word refers to the harsh confusion of sounds that characterized an ancient battle – a mixture of war cries, shouts, shrieks of pain, clashes of weapons, etc.

[2:2]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “sound” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV).

[2:2]  ¹⁸ sn The ram’s horn (used as a trumpet) was blown to signal the approaching battle.

[2:5]  ¹⁹ map For the location of Jerusalem see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.